{"id":16990,"date":"2019-07-26T08:19:57","date_gmt":"2019-07-26T05:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/norvegijas-dzerieni\/"},"modified":"2020-01-24T06:45:57","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T04:45:57","slug":"norvegijas-dzerieni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/?p=16990","title":{"rendered":"Alkoholisko dz\u0113rienu ra\u017eo\u0161ana un lieto\u0161ana Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0113sture un alkohola monopols<\/strong>
\nNorv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 tika ieviests \u201csausais likums\u201d. Aizliegums lietot destil\u0113tus alkoholiskos dz\u0113rienus ilga period\u0101 1916.\u20131927. g. (stiprin\u0101tie v\u012bni un alus bija aizliegts period\u0101 1917.\u20131923. g.). P\u0113c \u201csaus\u0101 likuma\u201d atcel\u0161anas alkoholisko dz\u0113rienu mazumtirdzniec\u012bbu Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma (un l\u012bdz pat \u0161ai dienai kontrol\u0113) valstiska organiz\u0101cija Vinmonopolet. Ikvienu alkoholisku dz\u0113rienu, kuram alkohola saturs p\u0101rsniedz 4,75%, dr\u012bkst p\u0101rdot tikai Vinmonopolet specializ\u0113tajos veikalos. Alus ar alkohola saturu, kas nep\u0101rsniedz 4,75%, ir pieejams ar\u012b superm\u0101rketos. Ra\u017eot\u0101ji, kas alu eksport\u0113 uz Norv\u0113\u0123iju, bie\u017ei vien at\u0161\u0137aida savu produktu, lai t\u0101 alkohola saturs atbilstu viet\u0113j\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m, un dz\u0113rienu nevajadz\u0113tu izplat\u012bt ar Vinmonopolet veikalu starpniec\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

\"\"Pa\u0161i norv\u0113\u0123i neiebilst pret valsts monopolu k\u0101 t\u0101du, bet ap\u0161auba t\u0101 sp\u0113ju nodro\u0161in\u0101t pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jiem pien\u0101c\u012bgu dz\u0113rienu kl\u0101stu \u2014 tas galvenok\u0101rt attiecas uz v\u012bnu. \u012apa\u0161i tas j\u016btams provinc\u0113, kur pied\u0101v\u0101jums ir neliels, bet veikalu t\u012bkls neatbilst piepras\u012bjumam. Daudzviet Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 tiek neleg\u0101li ra\u017eota kand\u017ea. Tie norv\u0113\u0123i, kas negrib dzert ap\u0161aub\u0101mas kvalit\u0101tes alkoholu, bet v\u0113las baud\u012bt pla\u0161u dz\u0113rienu kl\u0101stu un sam\u0113r\u012bgas cenas, dodas reidos uz D\u0101niju un V\u0101ciju (glu\u017ei t\u0101pat k\u0101 zviedri un somi brauc uz tuv\u0101kaj\u0101m Baltijas valst\u012bm).
\n1996. gad\u0101 Eiropas Br\u012bv\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas asoci\u0101cijas tiesa l\u0113ma, ka Vinmonopolet p\u0101rk\u0101pj Eiropas ekonomisk\u0101 re\u0123iona (kur\u0101 ietilpst ES dal\u012bbvalstis un Norv\u0113\u0123ija, Lihten\u0161teina un \u012aslande) vieno\u0161anos, jo viens uz\u0146\u0113mums ir gan alkohola ra\u017eot\u0101js, gan vairumtirgot\u0101js, gan mazumtirgot\u0101js, un no organiz\u0101cijas Vinmonopolet tika nodal\u012bta priv\u0101t\u0101 komp\u0101nija Arcus AS, kurai pieder visas Norv\u0113\u0123ijas spirta r\u016bpn\u012bcas un galvenie (ar alu nesaist\u012btie) alkohola z\u012bmoli.<\/p>\n

Alus Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101<\/strong><\/p>\n

Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ir senas, vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1000 gadu vecas, alus gatavo\u0161anas trad\u012bcijas. \u012apa\u0161s ir norv\u0113\u0123u tum\u0161ais alus, ko gatavo uz Ziemassv\u0113tku laiku, Jule\u00f8l. Agr\u0101k tas bija stiprs, tum\u0161s, m\u0101j\u0101s darin\u0101ts dz\u0113riens. M\u016bsdien\u0101s katra alus dar\u012btava ra\u017eo savu Jule\u00f8l versiju, ta\u010du parasti tas ir tum\u0161ais Lager tipa alus.
\nAptuveni 92% Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ra\u017eot\u0101 alus ir gai\u0161ais Lager tipa alus. Neskaitot iepriek\u0161 min\u0113to Ziemsv\u0113tku alu, Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ra\u017eo ar\u012b Bayer (tum\u0161ais Lager alus) un Bokk\u00f8l, kas ir v\u0101cu Bockbier analogs.
\nNorv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ir divas lielas alus dar\u012btavas. Liel\u0101k\u0101 ir Ringnes, kura pieder D\u0101nijas koncernam Carslberg (t\u0101pat k\u0101 Aldaris, \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 u.c.), un Hansa-Borg, kura pieder viet\u0113jiem \u012bpa\u0161niekiem. Kop\u0101 Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ir ap duci alus dar\u012btavu.<\/p>\n

V\u012bns<\/strong>
\nKad v\u0101cu armija 1945. gad\u0101 atk\u0101p\u0101s no Norv\u0113\u0123ijas teritorijas, t\u0101 atst\u0101ja 400 000 litru Bordo v\u012bna, kas k\u013cuva par pamatu norv\u0113\u0123u sarkanv\u012bna R\u00f8dvin ra\u017eo\u0161anai. \u0160is v\u012bns vair\u0101ku dek\u0101\u017eu garum\u0101 tika uzskat\u012bts par neat\u0146emamu norv\u0113\u0123u dzer\u0161anas kult\u016bras sast\u0101vda\u013cu. Kopum\u0101 tika p\u0101rdots vair\u0101k nek\u0101 120 mlj. litru v\u012bna, l\u012bdz p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apjomi krit\u0101s 1998. gad\u0101, kad tirg\u016b ien\u0101ca l\u0113t\u0101kie \u010c\u012bles un It\u0101lijas v\u012bni. 2000. gad\u0101 R\u00f8dvin ra\u017eo\u0161ana tika nodota komp\u0101nijai Arcus, un ikgad\u0113jais p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apjoms samazin\u0101j\u0101s l\u012bdz 700 000 litriem.<\/p>\n

Stiprie alkoholiskie dz\u0113rieni<\/strong>
\n\"\"Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ra\u017eo da\u017e\u0101dus stipros alkoholiskos dz\u0113rienus, tostarp vodku (Vikingfjord, ir pieejams ar\u012b atsevi\u0161\u0137os R\u012bgas lielveikalos), d\u017einu (Hammer), viskiju (Upper Ten) un pat konjaku (Braastad), ta\u010du nenoliedzami galvenais norv\u0113\u0123u lepnums ir akvavits \u2014 kartupe\u013cu destil\u0101ts, kas aromatiz\u0113ts, izmantojot \u0137imenes, dilles, an\u012bsu, kardamonu, un iztur\u0113ts ozolkoka muc\u0101s. Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 ir vair\u0101ki akvavita z\u012bmoli, piem., Gilde Taffel, L\u00f8itens Summer Aquavit, L\u00f8itens Linie, Gammel Reserve utt. Divu z\u012bmolu akvavitiem (Linie Aquavit un L\u00f8itens Linie) ir unik\u0101ls ra\u017eo\u0161anas process: ar akvavitu pild\u012btas mucas tiek ievietotas ku\u0123os, kas vair\u0101ku m\u0113ne\u0161u gar\u0101 ce\u013cojuma laik\u0101 divreiz \u0161\u0137\u0113rso ekvatoru. \u0160\u016bpojoties vi\u013c\u0146os un izj\u016btot temperat\u016bras un gaisa mitruma sv\u0101rst\u012bbas, veidojas \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 Linie akvavitu gar\u0161a. Uz Linie Aquavit pudel\u0113m ir nor\u0101d\u012bts ar\u012b laiks, ko ozolkoka muca ir pavad\u012bjusi ce\u013c\u0101, un ar \u0161\u012bs inform\u0101cijas pal\u012bdz\u012bbu var pat noskaidrot ar\u012b ku\u0123a nosaukumu (j\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka j\u016bsu padev\u012bgais kalps, p\u0113tot attiec\u012bg\u0101 akvavita pudeli Stokholmas lidost\u0101, neatrada ne datumu, ne k\u0101du citu identifikatoru, kas \u013cautu noskaidrot dz\u0113riena ce\u013cojuma laiku). Lai atsp\u0113kotu baumas, ka mucu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161ana ir tikai rekl\u0101mas triks, komp\u0101nija Arcus veica eksperimentu: t\u0101 pak\u013c\u0101va ar akvavitu pild\u012btu mucu meh\u0101nisk\u0101m sv\u0101rst\u012bb\u0101m, kas imit\u0113ja ku\u0123a \u0161\u016bpo\u0161anos vi\u013c\u0146os, un p\u0113c laika p\u0101rbaud\u012bja dz\u0113riena gar\u0161u. Arcus avoti v\u0113sta, ka eksperimentam pak\u013cautais dz\u0113riens neesot ne tuvu l\u012bdz\u012bgs tam, kas atgrie\u017eas no 19 ned\u0113\u013cu ce\u013cojuma apk\u0101rt pasaulei, un t\u0101p\u0113c dz\u0113riena ve\u0161ana p\u0101ri ekvatoram turpin\u0101s joproj\u0101m.
\nAkvavitu ra\u017eo ar\u012b Zviedrij\u0101 un D\u0101nij\u0101, ta\u010du visp\u0101rpie\u0146emts ir viedoklis, ka interesant\u0101ks un specifisk\u0101ks ir tie\u0161i norv\u0113\u0123u akvavits. Neliela nianse \u2014 ja Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 spirtu akvavita ra\u017eo\u0161anai ieg\u016bst no kartupe\u013ciem, tad D\u0101nija un Zviedrij\u0101 izmanto graudus.<\/p>\n

Autors:\u00a0 Raimonds Liepi\u0146\u0161 – ieskaites darbs, Bar.lv b\u0101rme\u0146u treni\u0146u centrs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0113sture un alkohola monopols Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 tika ieviests \u201csausais likums\u201d. Aizliegums lietot destil\u0113tus alkoholiskos dz\u0113rienus ilga period\u0101 1916.\u20131927. g. (stiprin\u0101tie v\u012bni un alus [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5472,5459],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-barmenu-skolas-publikacijas","category-dzerieni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16990"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22439,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16990\/revisions\/22439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}