{"id":16991,"date":"2019-07-26T08:19:57","date_gmt":"2019-07-26T05:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/teja\/"},"modified":"2020-01-24T06:46:14","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T04:46:14","slug":"teja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/?p=16991","title":{"rendered":"T\u0113ja"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u0113jas v\u0113sture, m\u012bti un le\u0123endas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"Aptuveni 5 000\u00a0 gadu cilv\u0113ki paz\u012bst t\u0113ju. Pirmo reizi t\u0113jas lieto\u0161ana piemin\u0113ta \u0136\u012bn\u0101 m\u016bsu \u0113ras 4.gs, ta\u010du Jap\u0101n\u0101 t\u0113ja par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s 7. gs, Eirop\u0101 \u2013 16. gs. K\u0101 kulta un kult\u016bras sast\u0101vda\u013ca t\u0113ja savu statusu iemantoja pirms 3 000 gadiem. T\u0113jas kr\u016bmu izcelsme ir gr\u016bti noskaidrojama, ta\u010du tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka t\u0101s ra\u0161an\u0101s vieta bijusi DR \u0136\u012bnas, Birmas Z un A Indijas plato. Past\u0101v ar\u012b uzskats, ka t\u0113ja n\u0101kusi no Asamas Indij\u0101.
\n\u0136\u012bnie\u0161i v\u0113sta, ka vi\u0146u valdnieks \u0160en Nungs rad\u012bjis t\u0113ju. \u0160en Nungs bija viens no trim gudrajiem, jo vi\u0146\u0161 pirmais veica apstr\u0101di, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c v\u0113stur\u0113 ieg\u0101jis k\u0101 dievi\u0161\u0137ais zemnieks. \u0160en Nungs bie\u017ei devies ce\u013cojumos pa valsti iepaz\u012bt tauta, pa ce\u013cam vi\u0146\u0161 vienm\u0113r dz\u0113ra v\u0101r\u012btu \u016bdeni. T\u0101 ar\u012b k\u0101du dienu 2737. gad\u0101 pirms Kristus. Kam\u0113r \u016bdens v\u0113l v\u0101r\u012bjies katli\u0146\u0101 no tuvum\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101 koka v\u0113j\u0161 nor\u0101vis da\u017eas lapi\u0146as un iemetis verdo\u0161aj\u0101 \u016bden\u012b. P\u0113c laici\u0146a \u016bdens nokr\u0101sojies zeltaini dzeltens un ieguvis izteiktu arom\u0101tu. Nungs izl\u0113ma nogar\u0161ot. Dz\u0113rienam bijusi pat\u012bkama gar\u0161a, un p\u0113c t\u0101 izdzer\u0161anas valdnieks juties atspirdzin\u0101ts.
\nCits m\u012bts v\u0113sta, ko 17.gs.beig\u0101s st\u0101st\u012bja v\u0101cu p\u0113tnieks, m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101ja d\u0113ls un \u0101rsts Engelberts Kamfers ( 1651 – 1716 ).
\nVi\u0146\u0161 gadiem ilgi ce\u013cojis pa Krieviju un Persiju, un ar\u012b devies uz Ceilonu un Indiju, tad uz Indon\u0113ziju un Jap\u0101nu, kur pavad\u012bjis divus gadus. Sav\u0101 darb\u0101 ,, Amoenitates exoticae ,, , ko vi\u0146\u0161 izdeva 1712.gad\u0101, autors piemin\u0113jis st\u0101stu par dievbij\u012bgu indieti Darmu, valdnieka Kosjuvo tre\u0161o d\u0113lu. Darma uztur\u0113jies \u0136\u012bn\u0101 k\u0101 budistu v\u0113stnesis. Naktis vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bjis medit\u0101cij\u0101, kad p\u0113k\u0161\u0146i vi\u0146u p\u0101r\u0146\u0113mis miegs, vi\u0146\u0161 nor\u0101vis sev plaksti\u0146us un, dusm\u012bgi \u0161\u0146\u0101kdams, nosviedis tos zem\u0113. L\u012bdz n\u0101kamajam r\u012btam tiem pieaugu\u0161as saknes un no zemes pac\u0113lies koci\u0146\u0161 ar za\u013c\u0101m lapi\u0146\u0101m.
\nDarma pagar\u0161ojis lapas un konstat\u0113ja, ka t\u0101s pal\u012bdz atvair\u012bt miegu. Kamfera gr\u0101mat\u0101 v\u0113st\u012bts, ka tas noticis 519. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus. Gr\u0101mat\u0101 att\u0113lots ar\u012b pats Darma ar patiesi milz\u012bgiem acu plaksti\u0146iem.
\n\u0160is person\u0101\u017es eksist\u0113jis ar\u012b re\u0101laj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. Vi\u0146am bijusi liela noz\u012bme budisma ievie\u0161an\u0101 \u0136\u012bn\u0101 no Indijas. Tiesa gan, \u012bstais Darma miris 495. gad\u0101. \u0161eit krustojas le\u0123enda ar v\u0113sturisko paties\u012bbu. No t\u0101 varam secin\u0101t, ka E. Kamfera v\u0113st\u012bjum\u0101 ir ar\u012b da\u017ei paties\u012bbas graudi, ta\u010du teika par acu plaksti\u0146iem izklaus\u0101s p\u0101r\u0101k neticama.
\nCita le\u0123enda atkl\u0101j t\u0113jas dzer\u0161anas un budisma saist\u012bbu. To v\u0113sta skolot\u0101js Gan Lu, kur\u0161 uztur\u0113j\u0101s Indij\u0101, apg\u016bstot budisma m\u0101c\u012bbu. V\u0113l\u0101k, atgrie\u017eoties \u0136\u012bn\u0101, vi\u0146\u0161 kl\u0101st\u012bja ne tikai jaun\u0101s reli\u0123ijas idejas, bet r\u0101d\u012bja ar\u012b t\u0113jas s\u0113klas.
\nPast\u0101v ar\u012b v\u0113l daudzi citi m\u012bti un le\u0123endas, to ir \u013coti daudz. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c gr\u016bti izsecin\u0101t, kur un kad vi\u0146a radusies.<\/p>\n

T\u0113ju skaidrojumi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Uz t\u0113jas iesai\u0146ojumiem varam izlas\u012bt nezin\u0101t\u0101jam neko neizsako\u0161us lat\u012b\u0146u alfab\u0113ta burtu savienojumus, kurus ra\u017eot\u0101ji izmanto, lai apz\u012bm\u0113tu t\u0113jas sast\u0101vu (pusatv\u0113ru\u0161os t\u0113jas pumpuru piejaukumu, granulu vai lapu izm\u0113ru) un t\u0113jas kvalit\u0101tes r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jus. Zinot at\u0161ifr\u0113jumus, ir viegl\u0101k saprast un orient\u0113ties lielaj\u0101 t\u0113ju kl\u0101st\u0101 un izv\u0113l\u0113ties sev t\u012bkam\u0101ko t\u0113ju:
\nF.O.P – Flowery Orange Pekoe – Meln\u0101 t\u0113ja, ko ieg\u016bst no t\u0113jas auga pumpuriem un pa\u0161\u0101m jaun\u0101kaj\u0101m lapi\u0146\u0101m.
\nO.P. – Orange Pekoe – Augstas kvalit\u0101tes veselo lapu t\u0113ja, ko ieg\u016bst no pumpuriem un t\u0113jas kr\u016bma pirmaj\u0101m aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101m izplauku\u0161aj\u0101m lapi\u0146\u0101m, kas ir nedaudz liel\u0101kas par F.O.P. standartu. \u0160\u012bs lapas skait\u0101s visv\u0113rt\u012bg\u0101k\u0101s un tiek las\u012btas rok\u0101m, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c t\u0101s saglab\u0101jas veselas.
\nPekoe -Meln\u0101 t\u0113ja, ko ra\u017eo no \u012bs\u0101k\u0101m lapi\u0146\u0101m nek\u0101 O.P. standarts.
\nF.B.O.P.F. – Flowery Brokem Orange Pekoe Fannings – T\u0113ja no \u013coti smar\u017e\u012bg\u0101m O.P. standarta aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101m lap\u0101m. Da\u013cu lapu papildus sagrie\u017e, t\u0101p\u0113c dz\u0113rienam ir \u012bpa\u0161i izteikta gar\u0161a un arom\u0101ts. Turkl\u0101t uzl\u0113jum\u0101 ir s\u012bki sagrieztas lapas, kas dz\u0113rienam pie\u0161\u0137ir pies\u0101tin\u0101tu kr\u0101su un pa\u0101trina ievilk\u0161an\u0101s procesu.
\nB.O.P.1 – Broken Orange Pekoe 1 – T\u0101pat k\u0101 F.B.O.P.F. standarts – no O.P. standarta pumpuriem un lap\u0101m, ko papildus sagrie\u017e. Tom\u0113r nesatur t\u0113jas smalkumus, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c dz\u0113riens ir nedaudz viegl\u0101ks, ta\u010du stipr\u0101ks nek\u0101 O.P. standarta veselo lapu t\u0113ja.
\nB.O.P. – Broken Orange Pekoe – Viena no popul\u0101r\u0101kaj\u0101m sasmalcin\u0101taj\u0101m t\u0113j\u0101m ar sp\u0113c\u012bgu gar\u0161u.
\nG.B.O.P. – Golden Broken Orange Pekoe – B.O.P. standarta t\u0113ja, kuras sast\u0101v\u0101 ietilpst reti zelta pumpuri, kas pie\u0161\u0137ir t\u0113jai izmekl\u0113tas arom\u0101ta un gar\u0161as nokr\u0101sas.<\/p>\n

T\u0113jas veidi<\/strong>
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Balt\u0101 t\u0113ja <\/strong>\u2013 Vismaig\u0101k\u0101 t\u0113ju \u0161\u0137irne ir balt\u0101 t\u0113ja. Kr\u0101sas tonis ir gandr\u012bz bezkr\u0101sains, caursp\u012bd\u012bgs, var ar\u012b iekr\u0101soties viegli dzelten\u012bga vai viegli roz\u0101. Arom\u0101ts smalks un mazliet int\u012bms, bet iedarb\u012bba \u013coti j\u016btama. Popul\u0101r\u0101k\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes – Bai Hao I\u0146 \u010c\u017ee\u0146 ( Sudrabot\u0101s Adatas ar Baltaj\u0101m P\u016bci\u0146\u0101m) un Bai Mu Dan(Balt\u0101 Pionija). Baltai Pionijai ir 2 vari\u0101cij\u0101s – klasisk\u0101, k\u0101 visas balt\u0101s t\u0113jas un otra (lao -vecais), kur\u0101 nep\u0101rprotami j\u016btama sarkan\u0101s t\u0113jas piesk\u0101riens, kaut ar\u012b uzl\u0113juma kr\u0101sa paliek gai\u0161a.
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Dzelten\u0101 t\u0113ja<\/strong> – Arom\u0101tam piem\u012bt k\u016bpin\u0101juma piesk\u0101riens, kas zemas kvalit\u0101tes t\u0113j\u0101s var atg\u0101din\u0101t k\u016bpin\u0101tu zivi, bet augstas kvalit\u0101tes t\u0113j\u0101s, \u0161is arom\u0101ts izdai\u013co saul\u0113 sasilu\u0161as sausas z\u0101les arom\u0101tu, kas ir rakstur\u012bgs tie\u0161i dzeltenajai t\u0113jai. Zin\u0101m\u0101k\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes – Czju\u0146 \u0160a\u0146 I\u0146 \u010c\u017ee\u0146 (Sudrabot\u0101s Adatas no Czju\u0146 \u0160a\u0146 Kalna) un Men Djin Huan Ja (Dzeltenie Pumpuri no Men Djinas).
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Za\u013c\u0101s t\u0113jas <\/strong>– ir \u013coti da\u017e\u0101das – s\u0101kot ar maig\u0101m un gais\u012bg\u0101m – Bai Jui Tu (Baltais Nefr\u012bta Za\u0137is) un Sjue Hua (Sniegp\u0101rsli\u0146a) l\u012bdz izteikt\u0101m ar glud\u0101m lapi\u0146\u0101m –\u00a0 Lun Czin (P\u016b\u0137a Aka) un \u010c\u017eu E Cina (Bambusa Lapu Svaigums).
\nReiz\u0113m za\u013c\u0101s t\u0113jas arom\u0101tu papildina ar jasm\u012bna ziediem, pievienojot ziedi\u0146us t\u0113jai, un tas tiek notur\u0113tas l\u012bdz pat m\u0113nesim, p\u0113c tam no da\u017e\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ziedi\u0146us izlasa lauk\u0101, bet cit\u0101s jasm\u012bna ziedi\u0146i tiek atst\u0101ti un laisti p\u0101rdo\u0161an\u0101. Za\u013c\u0101s t\u0113jas ar\u012b tiek izmantotas – sietaj\u0101s t\u0113j\u0101s, kur tiek \u0146emtas svaigas gar\u0101s lapas un ar diega pal\u012bdz\u012bbu lapi\u0146as tiek sasietas kop\u0101, cit\u0101s m\u0113dz ievietot ziedus, tad aplejot t\u0113jas sain\u012bti atbr\u012bvojas no atv\u0113ru\u0161aj;am t\u0113jas lapi\u0146\u0101m un skaisti uzplaukst stikla trauk\u0101, iepriecinot visus. Visbie\u017e\u0101k tiek izmantoti – jasm\u012bnu, krustnagli\u0146u, ka\u0137p\u0113di\u0146u, un kan\u0113\u013ckoka ziedi. \u0160\u012bs t\u0113jas neaplej vair\u0101k, k\u0101 1-2 reizes, jo sav\u0101d\u0101k t\u0113ja zaud\u0113 savu arom\u0101tu, ta\u010du tas nav tik svar\u012bgi, jo galvenais ir vizu\u0101lais efekts.<\/p>\n

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Oolong t\u0113jas<\/strong> iedal\u0101s – ferment\u0113taj\u0101s un stipri ferment\u0113taj\u0101s.
\nFerment\u0113t\u0101s – vispaz\u012bstam\u0101k\u0101 ir Te Gua\u0146i\u0146 (Dzelzs Dieviete Gua\u0146i\u0146), bet stipri ferment\u0113t\u0101s – vispaz\u012bstam\u0101k\u0101 ir Da Hun Pao (Lielais Sarkanais Hal\u0101ts). Katrai no \u0161\u012bm \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ir daudz veidu. Piem\u0113ram, ja ieg\u0101d\u0101jaties Da Hun Pao – Ui\u0161a\u0146 kalnos, tad visdr\u012bz\u0101k kontroljaut\u0101jums b\u016bs \u0161ads: (K\u0101du t\u0113ju j\u016bs v\u0113laties? Maig\u0101ku vai stipr\u0101ku?) kas nenoz\u012bm\u0113 uzl\u0113juma stiprumu, bet gan par t\u0113jas lapi\u0146u apstr\u0101di. Jo maz\u0101ka t\u0113jas lapi\u0146u apdedzin\u0101\u0161anas pak\u0101pe, jo svaig\u0101ka gar\u0161a t\u0113jas uzl\u0113jumam un tas vair\u0101k atg\u0101dina za\u013co t\u0113ju ar viegli tum\u0161u iekr\u0101su, bet stipr\u0101k apdedzin\u0101tai t\u0113jai arom\u0101ts b\u016bs izteikt\u0101ks un t\u0113jas uzl\u0113jums vair\u0101k l\u012bdzin\u0101sies sarkanaj\u0101m t\u0113j\u0101m, gandr\u012bz melna. Oolong t\u0113jas var aromatiz\u0113t, ar \u017ee\u0146\u0161e\u0146a un lakricas sakni, lai t\u0113jai piedotu saldenu gar\u0161u, t\u0101pat izmanto pienu izsmidzinot p\u0101r t\u0113jas lapi\u0146\u0101m (lai ieg\u016btu t\u0113ju Nai Sjan Czi\u0146 Sjua\u0146 – Ugun\u012bgais Ziedi\u0146\u0161 ar piena arom\u0101tu) ,v\u0113l aromatiz\u0113\u0161anai izmanto kan\u0113\u013ckoka ziedlapi\u0146as(ieg\u016bst t\u0113ju Gui Hua Ulun – Oolong ar kan\u0113\u013ckoka ziedlapi\u0146\u0101s, kas p\u0101rsvar\u0101 tiek ra\u017eotas Taiv\u0101n\u0101.<\/p>\n

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Sarkan\u0101 t\u0113ja <\/strong>– popul\u0101ra Eirop\u0101 un Krievij\u0101.
\nNost\u0101sti v\u0113sta ka tas esot noticis t\u0101da iemesla d\u0113\u013c, ka \u0161o t\u0113ju esot bijis viegl\u0101k transport\u0113t, kas \u013coti augsti tika v\u0113rt\u0113ts tajos laikos, kad t\u0113ja tika vesta ar zirgiem un ku\u0123iem ce\u013c\u0101 esot pusgadu un ilg\u0101k. Piedev\u0101m ar\u012b klimats mums ir v\u0113s\u0101ks, bet sarkan\u0101 t\u0113ja pat\u012bkami sasilda. Popul\u0101r\u0101k\u0101s no sarkanaj\u0101m t\u0113j\u0101m ir – Ci Hun (Sarkan\u0101 t\u0113ja no Ci Me\u0146as), Dja\u0146 Hun (Sarkan\u0101 t\u0113ja no Dja\u0146 Si), \u010c\u017ee\u0146 \u0160a\u0146 Sjao \u010c\u017eun (Mazais standarts no \u010c\u017ee\u0146 \u0160a\u0146 kalna). Sarkan\u0101s t\u0113jas da\u017ereiz aromatiz\u0113, \u0161im nol\u016bkam tiek izmantots li\u010d\u017ei ogu ekstrakts un ro\u017eu lapi\u0146as.<\/p>\n

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Puer<\/strong> – \u0160\u012b t\u0113ja var b\u016bt b\u016bt ne tikai beram\u0101 veid\u0101, bet ar\u012b sapres\u0113ta da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s form\u0101s, un ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101das p\u0113c lieluma un svara.
\nPuer t\u0113jai piem\u012bt pat\u012bkama \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba ar laiku k\u013c\u016bt v\u0113l lab\u0101kai un interesant\u0101kai pret\u0113ji vis\u0101m p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101m t\u0113j\u0101m. Bet past\u0101v ar\u012b t\u0101das Puer \u0161\u0137irnes, kur\u0101m laiks nesp\u0113j uzlabot kvalit\u0101ti. T\u0101tad secin\u0101jums, ka labai t\u0113jai ir nepiecie\u0161amas kvalitat\u012bvas t\u0113jas lapi\u0146as.<\/p>\n

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Autors: Arturs Grieze, ieskaites darbs – Bar.lv treni\u0146u centrs
\nResursi: wikipedia.com, teja.lv<\/a>, tea-paradise.lv<\/p>\n

Saist\u012btie resursi: T\u0113jas dzer\u0161anas ritu\u0101li un ceremonijas<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u0113jas v\u0113sture, m\u012bti un le\u0123endas Aptuveni 5 000\u00a0 gadu cilv\u0113ki paz\u012bst t\u0113ju. Pirmo reizi t\u0113jas lieto\u0161ana piemin\u0113ta \u0136\u012bn\u0101 m\u016bsu \u0113ras 4.gs, ta\u010du Jap\u0101n\u0101 t\u0113ja par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s 7. [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5472,5502,5504],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-barmenu-skolas-publikacijas","category-bez-alk-dzerieni","category-teja"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16991"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22441,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16991\/revisions\/22441"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}