{"id":17245,"date":"2019-07-26T08:25:45","date_gmt":"2019-07-26T05:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/iecienitu-dzerienu-autori\/"},"modified":"2019-07-26T08:25:51","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T05:25:51","slug":"iecienitu-dzerienu-autori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/?p=17245","title":{"rendered":"Iecien\u012btu dz\u0113rienu autori"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"wine-history\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Alus, v\u012bns, degv\u012bns, rums, kakao – visiem labi zin\u0101mi dz\u0113rieni, vai ne?\u00a0Ta\u010du k\u0101ds \u0161os mums tik labi zin\u0101mos un iecien\u012btos dz\u0113rienus ir ar\u012b rad\u012bjis.\u00a0T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161oreiz pal\u016bkosimies uz tiem, kuriem mums j\u0101saka “paldies” par sava iecien\u012bt\u0101k\u0101 dz\u0113riena rad\u012b\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

G\u0101z\u0113ts \u016bdens<\/strong>
\nG\u0101z\u0113t\u0101 \u016bdens ieg\u016b\u0161anas veidu pirmais atkl\u0101ja ang\u013cu \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is D\u017eozefs Pr\u012bstlijs.P\u0113c eksperimentiem ar g\u0101zi, kura r\u016bg\u0161anas proces\u0101 veidojas alus dar\u012btavas kublos, Pr\u012bstlijs konstru\u0113ja apar\u0101tu, kas ar s\u016bk\u0146a pal\u012bdz\u012bbu pies\u0101tin\u0101ja \u016bdeni ar og\u013csk\u0101b\u0101s g\u0101zes burbul\u012b\u0161iem. 1172. gad\u0101 London\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 savu izgudrojumu nodemonstr\u0113ja Fizi\u0137u kol\u0113\u0123ijai. Apm\u0113ram p\u0113c gada l\u012bdzv\u0113rt\u012bgu apar\u0101tu izveidoja fran\u010du \u0137\u012bmi\u0137is Antu\u0101ns Lor\u0101ns Lavuazj\u0113.<\/p>\n

Degv\u012bns<\/strong>
\nPirm\u0101 degv\u012bna recepte ir atrodama 9.gs. beig\u0101s un 10.gs. s\u0101kum\u0101 dz\u012bvojo\u0161\u0101 al\u0137\u012bmi\u0137a Razesa Trakt\u0101t\u0101. Tvaic\u0113\u0161anas produkciju al\u0137\u012bmi\u0137i izmantoja eksperimentos, bet dakteri \u0101rst\u0113ja visas kaites, tai skait\u0101 ar\u012b vecuma iest\u0101\u0161anos. Ne velti viens no degv\u012bna viduslaiku nosaukumiem ir \u201eaqua vita\u201d, tas ir \u201edz\u012bv\u012bbas \u016bdens\u201d.<\/p>\n

Vermuts<\/strong>
\nMedic\u012bnas t\u0113vu Hipokr\u0101tu dro\u0161i var uzskat\u012bt par vermuta t\u0113vu. Vi\u0146\u0161 atkl\u0101ja, ka, pievienojot Kr\u0113tas salas iztur\u0113tajam v\u012bnam v\u0113rmeles un diktamnes ziedus, v\u012bns ieg\u016bst \u0101rstnieciskas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un pal\u012bdz ku\u0146\u0123a slim\u012bbu gad\u012bjumos. V\u0113rmeles v\u0113l \u0161obaltdien ir galven\u0101 vermuta sast\u0101vda\u013ca, un vermuts tiek lietots k\u0101 aperit\u012bvs.<\/p>\n

Groks<\/strong>
\nLe\u0123ion\u0101r\u0101 groka rad\u012b\u0161ana ir ang\u013cu admir\u0101\u013ca Vernona nopelns. 18.gs. oblig\u0101ts j\u016brnieku kontrakta nosac\u012bjums bija ikdienas ruma (l\u012bdz 55%) porcija. 1740. gad\u0101 admir\u0101lis ekonomijas nol\u016bkos deva r\u012bkojumu izsniegt j\u016brniekiem rumu, at\u0161\u0137aidot to ar \u016bdeni un uzkars\u0113jot. Jaun\u0101 dz\u0113riena nosaukums rad\u0101s no admir\u0101\u013ca Vernona iesaukas – Grogrems, kuru j\u016brnieki bija devu\u0161i admir\u0101lim vi\u0146a neiztr\u016bksto\u0161\u0101 \u016bdens necaurlaid\u012bg\u0101 zil\u0101 apmet\u0146a d\u0113\u013c.<\/p>\n

Alus<\/strong>
\nV\u0113sturiski alu ieguva jau vismaz kop\u0161 4000. gada p.m.\u0113., to pazina senie \u0161umeri, \u0113\u0123iptie\u0161i un divupie\u0161i. Daudzi alus cien\u012bt\u0101ji V\u0101cij\u0101 par klasisku alus recepti uzskata to, ko apstiprin\u0101jis Bav\u0101rijas hercogs Vilhelms IV. 1516. gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 izdeva pav\u0113li par alus t\u012br\u012bbu, kur\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka alus j\u0101v\u0101ra tikai no mie\u017eiem, api\u0146iem, t\u012bra \u016bdens un ir aizliegts izmantot \u201ecitas drazas\u201d. L\u012bdz r\u016bpnieciskajai revol\u016bcijai alu raudz\u0113ja m\u0101j\u0101s galvenok\u0101rt pa\u0161a pat\u0113r\u0113\u0161anai, lai ar\u012b no 7. gadsimta ar aldar\u012bbu un t\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anu nodarboj\u0101s ar\u012b Eiropas klosteros.
\nAlus bund\u017ea ir apm\u0113ram 4000 gadu jaun\u0101ka par savu saturu. Met\u0101la bund\u017eas produktu konserv\u0113\u0161anai pirmais s\u0101ka izmantot fran\u010du uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113js Appers, apg\u0101d\u0101jot Napoleona armiju 1810. gad\u0101. Alus ra\u017eo\u0161anu sk\u0101rda bund\u017e\u0101s uzs\u0101ka G. Kr\u012bgera komp\u0101nija 1935.gad\u0101.<\/p>\n

Kakao<\/strong>
\nKolumbs eiropie\u0161iem atkl\u0101ja Ameriku, bet visiem pasaules gard\u0113\u017eiem \u2013 kakao. Kolumba sekot\u0101js Heronimo de Agil\u0101rs p\u0113c asto\u0146us gadus ilg\u0101 g\u016bsta indi\u0101\u0146u cilt\u012b k\u0101 vienu no Jaun\u0101s pasaules br\u012bnumiem min\u0113ja \u201e\u010dokolate\u201d. \u0160o r\u016bgteno dz\u0113rienu gatavoja no kakao koka aug\u013ciem un dz\u0113ra sp\u0113ku atjauno\u0161anas nol\u016bk\u0101. \u201e\u010cokolate\u201d bija demokr\u0101tisks dz\u0113riens, kuru lietoja gan vienk\u0101r\u0161ie karot\u0101ji, gan cilts virsaitis. Tiesa, virsai\u0161a dz\u0113riens bija daudz sald\u0101ks, tam pievienoja medu un jaunas kukur\u016bzas graudus.<\/p>\n

\u0160amp\u0101nietis<\/strong>
\n\u0160ampanietis ir viens no nedaudzajiem dz\u0113rieniem, kura biogr\u0101fija ir pietiekami labi zin\u0101ma. 17.gs. beig\u0101s fran\u010du m\u016bks, \u0137\u012bmiju zino\u0161ais degustators Doms Perinjons iev\u0113roja: jo l\u0113n\u0101k norisin\u0101s r\u016bg\u0161ana, jo dzirksto\u0161\u0101ks k\u013c\u016bst v\u012bns. Savus nov\u0113rojumus vi\u0146\u0161 izmantoja, izstr\u0101d\u0101jot atk\u0101rtotas r\u016bg\u0161anas tehnolo\u0123iju pudel\u0113s. \u0160\u0101ds atkl\u0101jums ir \u0123eni\u0101ls t\u0101p\u0113c vien, ka r\u016bg\u0161anas meh\u0101nisms piln\u012bb\u0101 tika izprasts un aprakst\u012bts tikai p\u0113c diviem gadsimtiem. \u0160ampanie\u0161a ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 Doms Perinjons pirmais izmantoja kup\u0113\u0161anu, speci\u0101l\u0101s pudeles, kas var iztur\u0113t 6 atmosf\u0113ras lielu iek\u0161\u0113jo spiedienu, k\u0101 ar\u012b kor\u0137us no kor\u0137a koka mizas. Sev rakstur\u012bgo dzidrumu \u0161ampanietis ieguva tikai 18.gs. beig\u0101s, kad franc\u016bziete Nikola Kliko atkl\u0101ja, k\u0101 att\u012br\u012bt v\u012bnu no nogulsn\u0113m.<\/p>\n

autors:\u00a0Gerds Gr\u012bnbergs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alus, v\u012bns, degv\u012bns, rums, kakao – visiem labi zin\u0101mi dz\u0113rieni, vai ne?\u00a0Ta\u010du k\u0101ds \u0161os mums tik labi zin\u0101mos un iecien\u012btos dz\u0113rienus ir ar\u012b rad\u012bjis.\u00a0T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161oreiz pal\u016bkosimies [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5472,5459],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-barmenu-skolas-publikacijas","category-dzerieni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17245"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19447,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17245\/revisions\/19447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bar.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}